Vocabulary
Section 1
v. mould — to give shape, form
n. constituent — a component, a part
n. candlewax — material of which candles are made, melts easily under heat
adj. viscous — quality of being thick, sticky
n. impetus — incentive, impulse, stimulus
n. substitute — something used instead of another thing or person
v. dwindle — to shrink, to decrease, to decline
n. resin — a sticky substance produced by (coniferous) trees
adj. volatile — able to change from solid or liquid to vapour (e.g. gasoline, alcohol)
n. woodflour — small particles of wood produced as a result of sawing
n. moisture — water or other liquid in form of vapour (e.g. air moisture)
adj. raw — not cooked (e.g. raw meat)
adj. crucial — extremely important, integral, essential
v. disdain — to treat with contempt, disrespect, dislike
v. relish — to enjoy something much
adj. dazzling — extremely bright, blinding
adj. drab — dull and cheerless, boring
adj. vast — extremely large in size, immense
v. appreciate — to value, to feel grateful
v. dedicate — to devote, to make something specially for one purpose or person.
Section 2
n. punchline — the culmination of a joke or a story that makes it funny
adj. tempting — very attractive, hard to turn down (e.g. a tempting offer)
v. dub — to give a name to someone jokingly
n. pedigree — descent, origin (e.g. she is of noble pedigree)
n. superiority — seniority or supremacy
v. puncture — to pierce a small hole in something with a sharp point
n. incogruity — state of being out of harmony, in coflict with the pattern
adj. apt — appropriate, fitting
v. appease — to calm, to quiten, to pacify
n. mammal — animals that breastfeed their little (e.g. humans)
v. pant — to make deep gasping noises
adj. cognitive — related to mind, thinking and reasoning
v. comprehend — to understand, to realize
adj. internal — relating to something that is inside (ant. external)
adj. frightening — causing fear; scary
adj. distorted — having irregular or damaged form or nature
Section 3
n. prominence — fame, outstanding position
lat. lingua franca — common language of communication for people who have different mother tongues. English is the worldwide recognized lingua franca.
n. revival — return to life, resurrection
adj. emergent — coming into notice
adv. hence — because of this, for this reason
n. treatise — a scientific work or paper
conj. whereas — but on the other hand
adj. perverse — perverted, incorrect, wrong
adj. preliminary — taking place before or as a preparation (e.g. p. paper)
adj. obscure — strange, hard to understand, unknown
adj. sealed — closed by a seal
adj. impersonal — without a reference to any individual in particular
n. entity — something that exists; a thing
v. foster — to promote growth or development; to nurture
adj. formative — relating to growth or formation
v. promote — to encourage, to endorse