Answer Keys
Part 1
Answer Keys
Part 1
1 B – dismantled. We need a verb meaning “taken apart” in a systematic way. Dismantled is perfect for abstract structures like systems or concepts being broken down piece by piece. Disbanded is for groups. Decomposed is for organic matter rotting. Departed simply means “left” and doesn’t fit at all.
2 B – utter. The best verb here to work with “word”, emphasizing how mobile phones pick up whatever we say. To mention is refer to something specifically. It’s too narrow, as the sentence is about any word we say, not just a specific referenced topic. “Pronounce” and “enunciate” are about how we say the word, not the fact of saying it.
3 C – prospect. The sentence discusses the future possibility (“is fading”). Prospect means “the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring”. In addition, “prospect” implies that you expect it to happen. Likelihood is about probability, not the event itself. Feasibility is about practicality, how realistic something can be to do or implement. Expectancy is often used in fixed phrases like “life expectancy”.
4 A – reshaping. All options mean changing form. Reshaping is the best fit for abstract concepts like “concept”. It implies giving something a new form or direction. Revamping is more about modernising something old (like a room). Remaking suggests starting over. Reprocessing is a technical term for materials.
5 D – byproduct. An unintended result of something. Note that the word “result” doesn’t fit, as the context makes it clear that the original intention of observation is not to make people aware of it. “Remainder” is a noun derived from the verb “to remain”. “Derivative” here doesn’t fit, meaning something based on or created with something else, e.g. petroleum is a derivative of oil.
6 D – conditioning. This refers to a psychological process where behaviour is modified by external factors. Conditioning is the precise term — something like doctor Pavov did with the dog salivating whenever he would ring the bell. Temperance is moderation, willfully not giving in to temptations. Moderation is the general act of choosing not to have too much of something. Regulation is usually an external, conscious control.
7 C – ironed. This is an idiom. The phrase is “to iron out differences/problems,” meaning to remove them. Here, it’s used metaphorically: spontaneity is “ironed out” (removed, smoothed away). Smoothed out is possible but less idiomatic. Levelled and flattened are too literal.
8 B – overridden. A right being ignored or superseded by a stronger force. Overridden is used for rules, decisions, or rights being deliberately disregarded or cancelled. Outweighed is for considerations in a decision. Overturned is for legal decisions being reversed – like in the court of law or similar. Overthrown is for governments.
Part 2
9 at. “At the expense of” means sacrificing something, not having something as priority.
10 of. The fixed phrase is “the appeal of something” shows why something might be attractive or desirable.
11 without. “Without” is needed to create the double negative logic: “the cost of impossibility… without taking your eyes off.”
12 which. Don’t choose “that”. The clause set off by commas (“you could recognise by touch alone”) is a non-essential, descriptive addition. In standard English, non-defining clauses like this require “which,” not “that.” Simply put, if there is a comma right before the problematic word, then “which” is the one you want.
13 in. “Lies at” is usually part of “lies at the heart of.” Only “lies in” correctly introduces the nature or cause of the problem.
14 of. If you make use of something, you find an application for it. Note that “for” can be used in phrases like “to find use for something”.
15 into. To turn into something, to transform into something.
16 for. “To long for something” is a fixed phrase that means to want it very much, to desire it.
Part 3
17 miraculously. We need an adverb to modify the verb “find”. It helps us to support the idea that chances of young people finding some worthwhile hobby by themselves are pretty slim.
18 irresistible. It is difficult for young people not to give in to the temptations and influence of their peer groups. Note the double ‘r’ and the ‘-ible’ suffix.
19 belonging. A sense of belonging is the feeling that you are in the right place, engaged in the right occupation and so on.
20 invaluable. The biggest issue here might be the choice between “valuable” and “invaluable”. The second one is the one you need because of the word “absolutely”, creating a word combination similar to that of extreme adjectives.
21 parental. A parental chore is something one’s parents force them to do around the house, like washing the dishes, vacuum cleaning and similar activities that young people consider boring.
22 condescending. The sentence describes a tone that talks down to teens. The base “descend” means to go down; adding the prefix and suffix creates the adjective meaning “patronizing”.
23 immesuarably. An adverb to modify a comparative adjective; so big that it is impossible to measure.
24 uncommmited. The idea is that usually teens tend not to commit to things; they are easily distracted and discouraged. Note that noncommittal is wrong here, as it means not expressing or revealing commitment to a definite opinion, course of action, or emotion. It describes someone who is intentionally vague, evasive, or neutral in order to avoid making a decision or taking a side.
Part 4
25 is little likelihood of them reversing/is no likelihood that they will reverse. ”Likelihood” as the keyword forces a transformation from the adjective “unlikely” to a noun phrase structure (“There is little likelihood of”). It also tests the gerund or clause pattern that follows
26 came to terms with. ”Terms” is the core of the fixed idiomatic phrase “come to terms with” (to accept something unpleasant). We movefrom a more verbose explanation (“accept the reality of”) to the precise idiom
27 to a large extent because of/due to. Here “extent” pushes us for the set phrase “to a [large/great] extent.” Note that “larger” shouldn’t be used since there is no comparison.
28 no account must/should you mention/On no account are you to mention. The keyword anchors the emphatic negative prepositional phrase “on no account,” which triggers subject-auxiliary inversion. Both emphasis and inversion are introduced in the changed sentence.
29 calls into question. To call something into question means to doubt, to have second thoughts about something. Note how here it is unitially unclear what part of speech the keyword is going to be.
30 were taken aback by. In this case the word “aback” will almost never be seen outside of the set expression. We are also forced to introduce passive voice structure.
Part 5
31 B. The entire paragraph is dedicated to overturning the “presumption of neutrality” and establishing the core thesis that architecture is an “active narrator” that “script[s] our behaviour.” This is the primary purpose—to introduce this central argument. “A” doesn’t fit as it is clearly stated that throughout thistory architecture has attempted to achieve something similar. Answer C is wrong – the author argues the opposite – that function is not the only measure; psychological and social impact are primary. There is no comparison between the current role of aesthetics and that of the past.
32 C. Examples include courthouse design as “calculated to instil reverence” and glass walls as “broadcasting ideals”. The summary sentence calls them “psychological tools rendered in concrete and steel”. Answer “A” is incomplete, as fear is not the only otions the designs aim to evoke. “B” is only a minor point, referring “windowless corridors” and “sense of powerless navigation”. Answer “D” is not strictly correct, as, for instance, the purpose of court house is not to “intimidate”.
33 C. The paragraph begins by stating space syntax “provides empirical weight to these observations” and “moves the discussion from poetic metaphor to demonstrable cause and effect.” Its function is clearly to add scientific credibility to the author’s thesis. Answer “A” is not good as space syntax is presented as an analytical tool, not a training method. “B” does not fit as this approach does isn’t mentioned to prioritise functions at the expense of style. Finally, the author sounds approving (rather than criticising) when it comes to technology in this sphere.
34 B. Both are examples of how home-planning trends can sway the style of living first to the idea of “togetherness”, and then back to the more individualistic approach. “A” is wrong as calling them “fashion trends” would be reductive. Answer “C” is not optimal as the notion of comfort is not brought up in any significant way. The last answer does not touch upon the main reason why author mentions both things in the question.
35 B. The author agrees (“The objection is valid”) but then argues that adaptation (“reaction to an intended use”) actually acknowledges the original “script’s” power. Resistance is a response to a pre-existing influence. The author doesn’t concede the point, he reinforces it with their arguments and examples of how people can resist the influence imposed on them by the architectural choices. Answer “C”: the author applis the logic of resistance to both public (plaza) and private examples, so it’s not dismissed. In answer “D” they don’t redefine the term; they accept the challenge and reframe the evidence.
36 B. By co-authoring (actively participating) in the design, we can benefit from the positive effects of architecture. ‘A’ is not mentioned in the last paragraph – it is however implied that the influence is likely to remain the same or even grow stronger. Answer ‘B’ can be misleading – people are said to likely become more aware of the influence, and to ‘contest’ it (to resist it). Finally, answer ‘D’ is wrong as they say that it is possible that the change is likely, provided people take part in this transformation.
Part 6
37 B. The first sentence after the gap introduces “My guide… Piotr.” Therefore, the missing paragraph must describe the author’s initial experience before meeting the guide or starting work. Paragraph B perfectly sets the scene with “The first shock was the light… the silence,” describing the immediate sensory overload upon starting the shift.
38 A. The paragraph after the gap begins, “This initial awkwardness slowly melted into a rhythm,” referring back to a prior state of awkwardness. Paragraph A describes the initial loneliness and ends with the first positive interaction (Piotr’s nod), which logically precedes the “melting” of awkwardness mentioned next.
39 D. The paragraph after the gap starts with “Just after 2 a.m., the automatic doors would sigh open to admit the regulars.” Therefore, the missing paragraph should introduce the topic of customers. Paragraph D is a general statement about customers and the “night shift code” of invisibility, which perfectly sets up the specific examples of regulars that follow.
40 G. The paragraph after the gap begins, “The real bonding, however, happened in the stockroom…” The “however” indicates a contrast. Paragraph G discusses bonding and humour on the shop floor (“dry, surreal humour”), which contrasts logically with the deeper bonding in the stockroom described next. Last part of Paragraph G helps to tie it with the paragraph that follows. Note how the names get mentioned in the paragraph that follows, referring to ‘one of the employees’ and the ‘stocking girl’ from Paragraph G.
41 F. The missing paragraph should be a more general reflection on the passage of time. Paragraph F discusses how “Time behaved differently” on the shift, a reflective summary that leads naturally into the specific end-of-shift rituals. You might consider putting paragraph C here, but there is one good reason not to do so. It mentions ‘a bond forged in sudden vulnerability’ – something that doesn’t fit quite well, since the bonding has already taken place, mentioned at the beginning of the previous paragraph.
42 E. The paragraph before describes the “climax”—the chaotic 4 a.m. delivery. The paragraph after the gap describes the shift as 6 a.m. approaches. Therefore, the missing paragraph should focus on what happens after the delivery rush is over. Paragraph E begins with “The aftermath was a scene…” and paints a picture of just how tired everybody is before the day staff arrive, fitting this chronological spot perfectly.
43 H. The final paragraph after the gap is the author’s reflective conclusion walking home. The missing paragraph must be the immediate act of leaving the job. Paragraph H is the only one that describes the act of leaving, handing in the badge, and saying goodbye, which directly precedes walking out into the morning air.
Part 7
44 B. This is Thorne’s core argument: when communication is the main goal, digital means show their clear superiority in writing (or, in this case, typing).
45 C. “Cut us off from… historical and personal heritage.” Petrova discusses reading original letters/historical manuscripts and personal expression.
46 A. As opposed to typing words out, writing by hand can lead to ‘idea generation’ – that is, it can inspire us.
47 D. “Teach it to a level of basic competence before moving on…” Chen’s “pragmatic” approach: ensure basic legibility, then move on to hone one’s digital skills.
48 B. Thorne clearly shows his stance on handwriting here: “Let’s not confuse the visual appeal of a fountain pen scribbles with utility.”
49 A. “Studies show students who take notes by hand demonstrate better conceptual cognizance and retention than those who type.” Mostly a vocabular challenge here, based around the word ‘cognizance’.
50 D. Chen advocates for a “toolbox of skills,” integrating handwriting exercises without making it core. Another case where vocabulary is key, “pivoting” means completely changing what you do. In this case, as soon as students gain basic writing skills the curricullum should change it focus completely to the more modern means of communication.
51 C. The individuality and uniqueness of handwritten text is juxtaposed to the “homogenised” (made the same) world of today.
52 A. The word “sensorimotor” is key here, with the second part of this word showing how the process of writing engages the body.
53 B. Thorne questions spending “countless hours” on a script with little modern use.
