Answer Keys
Part 1
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Part 1
1 B – completed. The word is most often used when talking about finishing some building or a construction project. ‘Finalized’ more often refers to putting the final touches on plans, documents, or agreements, not the physical act of finishing a building. ‘Concluded’ is used for events, speeches, or arguments. To terminate is to end something prematurely, before it reaches its destination or runs its course.
2 C – rationale. An underlying reason or logical basis for a decision. It fits perfectly when explaining the thinking behind a design. ‘Goal’ is much more commonly used with ‘of’. ‘Motive’ implies a personal, often hidden, drive or desire (e.g., a motive for a crime). ‘Incentive’ is a positive thing that encourages action (e.g., a financial incentive), not the reasoning itself.
3 A – pick out. To carefully choose or select from a group, which is exactly what botanists did with the plant species. To single out means to choose one for special attention, often criticism or praise, not for a practical purpose from many options. To sort out is to organize. Finally, ‘to figure out’ is to solve a puzzle or find a way of doing something.
4 A – crucial. Of great importance. ‘Compulsory’ and ‘mandatory’ both mean ‘required or dictated by a rule or a law’, neither of which makes much sense in the context.
5 A – leads. ‘Results’ is used with ‘in’ and therefore doesn’t fit. ‘Contributes’ must be followed by ‘to’ and means to be a factor in, which is possible, but ‘leads to’ is stronger for a direct, significant result. ‘Returns’ as a verb simply means ‘to come back to’ and makes no sense here. ‘Returns’ as a noun means something you get as a result of your investment and could be made to work here with some changes to the sentence structure.
6 B – demanding. Requiring much skill, effort, or time – exactly the thing we need to show how difficult it is to maintain the towers. ‘Intensive’ often describes a short, concentrated effort (e.g., an intensive course), not an ongoing maintenance schedule. ‘Exhaustive’ means fully comprehensive or thorough, not ‘tiring’ (e.g., an exhaustive search). The word you would be expecting here is ‘exhausting’.
7 A – benchmark. A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared. The towers have become a model for others to follow. A criterion is a principle or standard used for judgment, but it is not something that becomes a criterion; it is one. A prototype is the first model of something from which other forms are developed. These towers are a finished product, not a first test model. Finally, specimen is something we would use for living things, not buildings.
8 A – pressing. Urgent or requiring immediate attention. ‘Urging’ is not a standard adjective used in this way; it is primarily a verb or part of a noun phrase (‘an urging need’ is less common than ‘a pressing need’). C – forcing and D – straining are not typically used to describe ‘challenges’ in this context. They describe actions or states of being under pressure.
Part 2
9 as. This is a fixed prepositional phrase. ‘To be known as’ means ‘to be called’ or ‘to be identified by this name.’
10 who. We refer to the Hungarian psychologist here using the relative pronoun.
11 between. To find balance between two (usually contrasting) things. A common problem with difficulty is to find balance between challenge and boredom – to be neither overwhelmed nor bored. Note how ‘balance of’ is incorrect, as it means a mix or composition of elements in correct proportions, e.g. in your diet should have a good balance of fiber and protein.
12 what. This is a cleft sentence structure. ‘What is fascinating’ is the subject of the sentence, emphasizing the interesting fact that follows.
13 by. A case of a passive structure where the agent (anyone) is introduced with ‘by’.
14 of. A fixed expression, ‘regardless of’ means ‘without being affected or influenced by’.
15 While/although/though. We contrast the first part of the sentence with the second one.
16 to. This is an infinitive of purpose. The ‘conditions’ are created for the specific purpose of allowing flow to occur. The structure is ‘create conditions for something to happen.’
Part 3
17 optimistic. Noun-to-adjective transformation using the suffix -istic. An optimistic person is one having a positive view of things or hoping for things to improve.
18 enhancement. To enhance means to improve. Thus, an enhancement is an improvement to something.
19 reputable. A reputable person is one that is well known and trusted by others.
20 apparent. If something is apparent, it means it is easy to see or notice (either literally or figuratively).
21 resilient. The noun is transformed into the adjective with the suffix -end. It means ‘to able to withstand or recover from difficult conditions’.
22 implication. To imply means to hint at something or to say something indirectly. Implication is a hidden meaning or a conclusion.
23 fluency. The skill of speaking or reading quickly and effortlessly.
24 strengthens. To make something stronger. Note the tricky spelling (use the original word to help you avoid mistakes) and that it agrees to the subject in the singular (‘the very process … strengthens…’).
Part 4
25 has been a steady increase in/has steadily been an increase in. While you can replace ‘increase’ with ‘growth’, this would mean changing the words unnecessarily and will likely lead to 1 point deduction (so you would get only 1 instead of 2 points for this transformation).
26 we do not cut down on/do not cut our expenses down. These phrasal verbs can be separated, therefore feel free to use either variant. Keep in mind that contracted forms (like ‘don’t’) are still counted as two words towards the limit of six.
27 was Maria who helped me (to). An example of a cleft sentence where the agent (Maria) is given emphasis. Help somebody (to) do something – ‘to’ is optional.
28 last time I went/was. The biggest change to note is changing the Present Perfect of the original to Past Simple. The change is forced by the phrase several months AGO.
29 is being fitted. Passive Continuous is used here. ‘To fit something’ is a common verb to talk about technological changes – don’t be alarmed by it!
30 was no reason for me. The phrase ‘for me to doubt’ is an infinitive clause acting as the reason, which is perfectly acceptable and the expected answer here.
Part 5
31 B. The writer openly lists the flaws (‘shabby,’ ‘worn thin,’ ‘smelled faintly’) but argues that when the movie was finally on, it didn’t matter at all. The focus is on the transformative, magical experience that overshadowed the physical imperfections.
32 C. The description of the ‘minimalist bar,’ ‘artisan gin,’ ‘lemon-scented polish,’ and ‘sleek new chair’ contrasts sharply with the remembered ‘mess.’ The new version is clean and comfortable but has lost the chaotic, lived-in character that he loved so much.
33 C. He explicitly states he felt a ‘pang of loss’ and that he missed the ‘mess,’ the ‘stickiness,’ and the ‘collective gasp.’ The respectful silence of the new audience makes him mourn the lost energy of the old one. Even though the audience was engaged, it was very much different from the eager kids from his past.
34 B. A ‘museum piece’ is an object preserved for display, not for use. He clarifies this by saying the Rex is ‘a beautiful shell’ (something empty, without its original content) that has been ‘sterilizing the life that once filled it,’ meaning it looks right but feels missing its original, vibrant spirit.
35 D. The key observation is that the couple is ‘admiring it, but they weren’t using it.’ This directly leads to his realisation that the cinema itself is no longer a ‘tool for dreaming’ but an ‘exhibit.’ The projector symbolizes the transition from a living venue to a static display.
36 B. The core of the writer’s reflection is that while the physical building is beautifully restored (‘the lights were on’), the essential quality—the shared, messy, emotional experience—is gone (‘the show was long over’). The soul of the place was in its use, not its preservation.
Part 6
37 D. Reviewer A praises Brühl’s ‘career-best’ work as well as Hemsworth’s captivating but vulnerable character image. Reviewer D calls the character work ‘superb’ and the performances done with ‘astonishing conviction.’
38 D. A, B, and C do not question the film’s technical or historical accuracy; they praise its visceral feel and dramatic pace. D is the only one unhappy, citing ‘significant liberties’ and ‘inaccuracy’ – in other words, the director has given himself too much artistic freedom with adding and removing whatever he pleases, sacrificing authenticity of the period.
39 A. The idea here is that the film is more likely to be appreciated by those not particularly interested in Formula 1. Reviewer A says the film’s ‘human core’ makes it an ‘unforgettable cinematic experience,’ implying broad appeal. Reviewer C explicitly states it is ‘utterly accessible to those with no knowledge of Formula 1.’
40 A. Reviewer B mentions ‘true engine is the compelling character drama.’ Reviewer A calls the film a ‘masterful character study’ and says its focus is on the ‘fascinating dichotomy between its two protagonists.’ Please keep in mind that unlike Questions 37, this one focuses on the personalities of the characters themselves rather than the actors’ performances.
Part 7
41 G. Paragraph G expands on the introductory part, mentioning the consequence of the so-called radical rethink. It sets up the shift from the old model (owning a dedicated form of transportation) to the new one that the rest of the article will detail.
42 E. It directly explains the benefits of the MaaS apps mentioned in the previous paragraph: a move to a flexible, on-demand system that is more appealing than car ownership.
43 C. Here we can see comments on the significance of the micromobility trend described before. It explains why taking care of the first and last mile issue is so important, linking it back to the core goals of reducing congestion and emissions.
44 F. Paragraph F offers a direct solution to the challenges and risks just outlined in the previous paragraph, specifically addressing the issue of inequality and access as well as safety concerns.
45 A. It provides a contrasting, sceptical view—the ‘however’—to the optimistic claims about autonomous vehicles presented in the preceding paragraph and how the transition period could prove to be the most difficult.
46 D. In the last gap, Paragraph G expands on the ‘spatial’ change (relating to space) and ‘reclaiming our cities’ mentioned in the previous paragraph by providing a concrete example of what that looks like: the ’15-minute city’ model focused on walking and cycling.
Part 8
47 A. The new schedule required a conscious reduction in certain tasks: ‘I became ruthless about prioritisation.’
48 C. Chloe shares how the policy fundamentally changed the company’s culture: ‘The culture shifted from one of ‘presenteeism’ … to one purely focused on output’
49 B. Jeremy ended up spending much less on fuel and eating out as a result of the four-day policy. Please note that Speaker D shouldn’t be picked as the answer. The resulting reduction in sick leaves and lower healthcare plan costs are not ‘personal finances’, but operational costs of the company.
50 A. Anya was ‘deeply sceptical’ about implementing the new policy. Answer D doesn’t work as the speaker admitted it was risky, but didn’t say anything about doubting it.
51 C. Implementing the change brought people at work together, forcing them to work as a team to be more efficient.
52 B. Jeremy has become much better with ‘several pieces of software’ as a result of the change.
53 D. Having only four days to achieve their goals, Christian and his team had to come up with a different, smarter approach.
54 A. In the last sentence, Anya mentions feeling relief from the neck pain that has been plaguing her previously.
55 A. The so-called ‘Friday problem’ is mentioned – a problem that doesn’t require immediate attention, but could be dealt with later.
56 B. Jeremy saw meetings to be ‘pointless’, and cutting down on time spent at work meant that these had to make way for other, more useful and productive activities.
Part 1
Residential (adj) – Describing an area primarily filled with houses and apartments where people live, rather than offices or factories. The noise from the construction site was disturbing the entire residential neighbourhood.
Reshape (v) – To alter the form, character, or direction of something fundamentally. Social media has completely reshaped how we form and maintain relationships.
Facade (n) – The front exterior of a building. They restored the historic facade of the old post office.
Merely (adv) – Used to emphasize that something is nothing more than what is stated; only or just. I wasn’t criticizing, I was merely making an observation.
Aesthetic (n) – A particular style or visual quality. The café has a rustic aesthetic with its wooden beams and vintage furniture.
Self-sustaining (adj) – Able to maintain itself without outside help or input. The goal is to create a self-sustaining ecosystem within the sealed terrarium.
Withstand (v) – To resist, hold out against, or endure something powerful without taking damage or giving in. These plants are tough enough to withstand extreme heat and very little water.
Exposure (n) – The state of experiencing something or being subjected to its influence. Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin damage.
Carbon dioxide (n) – A gas that is produced when people and animals breathe out, or when carbon is burned, and is absorbed by plants. Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into food using sunlight.
Insulation (n) – Material used to prevent the transfer of heat, cold, or sound. Adding more insulation to the attic will keep the house warmer in winter.
Arborist (n) – A professional who specializes in the care, maintenance, and surgery of trees. We hired an arborist to determine if the old tree was diseased and needed to be cut down.
Outweigh (v) – To be more significant, important, or valuable than something else. The potential benefits of the new drug outweigh the known risks.
Sustainable (adj) – Capable of being continued over the long term without causing severe damage to the environment or depleting resources. We need to move towards more sustainable agricultural practices.
Part 2
Lose track of something (phr. v) – To stop being aware of something, such as time or a detail, usually because you are so focused on something else. I was so excited about the conversation that I completely lost track of time.
Decade (n) – A period of ten years. The city’s population has grown dramatically over the past decade.
Anxiety (n) – A state of uneasiness, worry, or nervousness, often about something that may happen. She felt a wave of anxiety before her job interview.
To set in (phr. v) – When something, typically something unpleasant, begins and seems likely to continue. After the heater broke, a deep chill set in the house.
Immersion (n) – The state of being completely involved in a particular activity or environment. The best way to learn a language is through total immersion by living in a country where it’s spoken.
Self-consciousness (n) – A feeling of acute awareness of oneself, often leading to embarrassment or insecurity. His self-consciousness about his accent made him reluctant to speak.
Occur (v) – To happen or take place. The meeting is scheduled to occur at three o’clock in the main conference room.
Distraction (n) – Something that draws your attention away from what you are supposed to be doing. I need to find a quiet place to work without any distractions.
Part 3, 4
Juggle (v) – (used figuratively) to try to manage several different tasks or responsibilities at the same time. Many parents have to juggle a career with their family commitments.
Cognitive (adj) – Relating to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge, such as thinking, understanding, and remembering. Sleep is crucial for cognitive functions like memory and problem-solving.
To translate into (phr. v) – To lead to a particular result or consequence. All those hours of practice didn’t translate into a better performance on the day.
Marked (adj) – Very clear, noticeable, or significant. There was a marked difference in his attitude after the training.
Onset (n) – The beginning of something, especially something undesirable. The onset of winter is marked by shorter days and colder temperatures.
Decline (n) – A gradual and continuous decrease in quality, quantity, or strength. The company has seen a steady decline in profits over the last three years.
Dementia (n) – A medical condition that involves a serious loss of cognitive ability, such as memory and reasoning, beyond what is expected from normal aging. Her grandmother was diagnosed with dementia.
Neural (adj) – Related to the nerves or the nervous system in the body. The brain forms new neural connections when you learn a new skill.
Modest (adj) – Relatively small in amount, size, or extent. They live in a modest little house.
Part 5
Secular (adj) – Not connected with religious or spiritual matters. In a secular society, the government is separate from religious institutions.
Hush (n) – A sudden state of quietness or silence. A hush fell over the audience as the lights dimmed.
Mind you (phr) – Used to introduce a contrasting point or to add a qualifying remark to what you have just said. The apartment is quite small. Mind you, it’s all I can afford in this neighbourhood.
Shabby (adj) – In a poor condition through long use or lack of care. She was wearing a shabby old coat with holes in the elbows.
Patches (n) – (here) Pieces of material used to cover a hole. He had a patch on his jeans where he’d torn them.
Disinfectant (n) – A chemical substance used to clean surfaces and destroy harmful bacteria. The hospital corridor smelled strongly of bleach and disinfectant.
Amid (prep) – In the middle of; surrounded by. The ancient ruins stood amid the modern skyscrapers.
Pawnshop (n) – A shop where people can take valuable items to get a short-term loan, leaving the item as collateral. He had to sell his guitar at the pawnshop to pay his electricity bill.
Laundromat (n) – A place with coin-operated washing machines and dryers for public use. My washing machine is broken, so I have to go to the laundromat.
Swish (n) – a word that is supposed to imitate the way a piece of fabric sounds when it is moved.
Vintage (adj) – (here) Something old that is still attractive and valuable. She loves collecting vintage clothing from the 1950s.
Venue (n) – The place where a specific event or activity is held. They haven’t announced the venue for the concert yet.
Host (v) – To provide the facilities and organization for an event to take place. Berlin will host the international climate conference next year.
Jarring (adj) – Causing a sudden shock or feeling that is out of place; clashing. The modern art sculpture looked jarring in the middle of the classical garden.
Foyer (n) – A large, open area just inside the main entrance of a public building, such as a theatre or hotel. We agreed to meet in the foyer before the film started.
Artisan (adj) – made by an extremely skilled person. The market is full of artisan cheeses and freshly baked bread.
Lumpy (adj) – Full of or covered with small, solid bumps; not smooth. The old mattress was so lumpy I could barely sleep.
Lumbar support (n) – The part of a chair or car seat designed to fit the curve of your lower back. A good office chair with adjustable lumbar support is what I need.
Congregation (n) – (used figuratively in the text) A group of people who have gathered together for a religious service. The priest smiled at the congregation before he began his sermon.
A has-been (n) – A person who is no longer famous, successful, or popular. The newspaper article cruelly referred to the former actor as a has-been.
Jiggle (v) – To move something lightly and quickly from side to side or up and down. You need to jiggle the handle just right to get the door to open.
Gasp (n) – To take a short, sudden breath through the mouth, often because of surprise, shock, or pain. She gasped in shock when she saw the surprise party.
To file out (phr. v) – To leave a room or building in a steady, orderly line. When the fire alarm went off, we all filed out of the building calmly.
Exhibit (n) – An object or collection of objects displayed publicly, for example in a museum. The museum has a new exhibit on ancient Roman life.
Part 6
Dichotomy (n) – A sharp division between two opposing or contrasting things. There was a dichotomy in the way he acted with his friends and when around strangers.
Protagonist (n) – The central or leading character in a story. The protagonist of the film is a young woman who travels back in time.
Captivating (adj) – Extremely interesting or attractive in a way that holds your attention completely. Bukowski is a captivating storyteller who can hold an audience’s attention for hours.
Swagger (n) – A very confident and often arrogant or aggressive way of walking or behaving. He walked into the room with a swagger that suggested he owned the place.
Vulnerability (n) – The state of being open to emotional or physical harm or attack. Sharing her fears was an act of vulnerability that brought them closer.
Meticulous (adj) – Showing extreme care about minute details; very thorough. She is meticulous in her research, checking every fact twice.
Abrasive (adj) – (Of a person or their manner) Harsh and rude, likely to hurt other people’s feelings. His abrasive management style created a lot of tension in the office.
Noble (adj) – Having or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles, such as honesty and courage. It was a noble goal to try and achieve world peace.
Visceral (adj) – Resulting from deep, instinctive feeling rather than from rational thought. My visceral reaction to the horror film was to look away from the screen.
Cramped (adj) – Uncomfortably small or crowded, with not enough space. The family of five lived in a cramped two-room apartment.
Witness (v) – To see an event, typically a crime or accident, happen. Police are asking anyone who witnessed the incident to come forward.
Exhilarating (adj) – Making you feel extremely happy, excited, and full of energy. The view from the mountain top was absolutely exhilarating.
Compelling (adj) – Evoking strong interest or attention in a powerful, irresistible way. The lawyer made a compelling case for the defendant’s innocence.
Excel (v) – To be extremely good at something; to surpass others. She has always excelled at mathematics and science.
Nuanced (adj) – Characterized by subtle and slight differences or distinctions in meaning, expression, or sound. Her performance was nuanced, revealing the complex emotions of the character.
Hedonist (n) – A person who believes that the pursuit of pleasure is the most important thing in life. On his holiday, he lived like a hedonist, indulging in fine food and wine every day.
Antithesis (n) – A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. His chaotic, messy painting style is the antithesis of classical art.
Relentless (adj) – Continuing in a severe or extreme way without stopping or becoming less intense. The journalist was relentless in her pursuit of the truth.
Villainize (v) – To portray as a villain or criminal; to speak about someone as if they are entirely bad. The media should be careful not to villainize people before they have been tried in a court of law.
Empathy (n) – The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. A good doctor needs to have both medical knowledge and empathy.
Rivalry (n) – A situation in which people, teams, or companies are competing for the same thing. There is a friendly rivalry between the two football teams.
Crucible (n) – A situation of severe trial, or in which different elements interact, leading to the creation of something new. The pressure of the final exam was a crucible that tested all the students.
Clash (n) – A serious disagreement or conflict. There was a clash of opinions during the meeting.
Accessible (adj) – (here) Easy to understand or appreciate. The author has a talent for making complex topics accessible.
Palpable (adj) – (about a feeling or atmosphere) so intense that it seems able to be touched or felt physically. The tension in the room was palpable as everyone waited for the results.
A mixed bag (n) – A collection of things or people of widely varying quality or character. This year’s films have been a real mixed bag—some were brilliant, others were terrible.
Superb (adj) – Excellent; of the highest quality. The meal was absolutely superb, one of the best I’ve ever had.
Conviction (n) – The feeling of being sure about something or (here) being easy to believe. She spoke with great conviction about human rights.
To pit against (phr. v) – To set someone or something in direct competition or opposition with another. The semi-final will pit last year’s champion against the new rising star.
Oversimplified (adj) – Simplified to such an extent that a distorted impression is given. His explanation of the economic crisis was dangerously oversimplified.
Frustrate (v) – To make someone feel annoyed or upset because they are unable to achieve something. His inability to master the new software began to frustrate him.
Austerity (n) – (here) willingly or unwillingly without much that makes the life more comfortable. His childhood of austerity made him appreciate fine things much more than most people could imagine.
Flamboyance (n) – The quality of being very confident, energetic, and stylish in a way that attracts attention. He dressed with great flamboyance, always wearing brightly coloured suits and hats.
Part 7
Undisputed (adj) – Not questioned or doubted by anyone; accepted as true or correct. She is the undisputed expert in this field of research.
Seamless (adj) – Smooth and continuous, with no apparent gaps or spaces between one part and the next. The transition between the two scenes was seamless.
Crucial (adj) – Of great importance; something that is absolutely necessary. Trust is a crucial component of any strong relationship.
Influx (n) – The arrival or entry of a large number of people or things. The city is struggling to cope with the recent influx of tourists.
Cluttered (adj) – Covered or filled with a disorderly collection of objects. His desk was so cluttered he could barely find his keyboard.
Scramble (n/v) – A hurried and chaotic struggle to do or get something. There was a mad scramble for the best seats as soon as the doors opened.
Perpetually (adv) – Constantly; in a way that never ends or changes. He seems to be perpetually late for everything.
Proponent (n) – A person who advocates for a particular idea or course of action. She is a leading proponent of renewable energy sources.
Spatial (adj) – Relating to the position, area, and size of things. Architects need a good understanding of spatial relationships.
To spill out (phr. v) – (about people) to move out of a place in a large, unorganized group. Crowds of fans spilled out of the bars and into the streets after the game.
Relic (n) – An object, custom, or belief from a past time that has survived into the present. Used negatively here. The old law is a relic of a bygone era and should be repealed.
Skeptic (n) – A person who tends to question or doubt accepted opinions. He was a skeptic and demanded to see solid evidence before he would believe their claims.
Hurdle (n) – A problem or difficulty that must be overcome before progress can be made. Finding funding was the biggest hurdle they faced in starting their business.
Transition (n) – The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another. The transition from a dictatorship to a democracy was not smooth.
Prospect (n) – possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring. I am not excited about the prospect of working all weekend.
Mired in something (phr) – To be deeply involved in a difficult or unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape. The peace talks are mired in disagreements and seem unlikely to progress.
Burdensome (adj) – Causing difficulty or worry; imposing a burden. The administrative tasks became increasingly burdensome for the small team.
Liability (n) – (here) a thing that is a source of inconvenience or puts one at a disadvantage. His knee injury made him a liability to the team.
Congestion (n) – The state of being overcrowded or blocked, especially with traffic. The new bridge should help ease traffic congestion in the city centre.
Daily errands (n) – Short trips taken to complete everyday tasks, such as shopping or going to the bank. I need to run a few daily errands like going to the post office and the supermarket.
Hassle (n) – Something that is annoying because it is complicated or involves a lot of effort. It’s such a hassle to get a visa for that country.
Proactive (adj) – Creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened. We need to take a proactive approach to network security, not a reactive one.
Inclusive (adj) – Aiming to include and accommodate all people, especially those who are often excluded. The school is committed to creating an inclusive environment for children of all abilities.
Subsidize (v) – To support an organization or activity financially. The government subsidizes the arts to make them accessible to everyone.
Literacy (n) – The ability to read and write; competence or knowledge in a specified area. Financial literacy is an essential life skill.
Recklessness (n) – Lack of regard for the danger or consequences of one’s actions; carelessness. He was fired for his recklessness with company funds.
Emerging (adj) – In the process of coming into existence or becoming prominent. Vietnam is one of Asia’s emerging economies.
Part 8
Nonessential (adj) – Not absolutely necessary. During the lockdown, only essential shops remained open; nonessential businesses were closed.
Concede (v) – To admit, often reluctantly, that something is true or valid. He had to concede that his opponent had a better strategy.
Mindset (n) – A person’s established set of attitudes, habits, or beliefs. You need a positive mindset to overcome these challenges.
Reconsider (v) – To think about something again, with a possible view to changing a previous decision. After hearing her plea, the judge agreed to reconsider his ruling.
Foresee (v) – To be aware of or predict something before it happens. Nobody could have foreseen the global impact of the pandemic.
Frantic (adj) – Conducted in a hurried, excited, and disorganized way, often due to fear or anxiety. They made frantic attempts to meet the deadline.
Transformative (adj) – Causing a significant and lasting change in someone or something. Studying abroad was a transformative experience for her.
Collaborative (adj) – Produced or conducted by two or more parties working together. The project was a collaborative effort between three different universities.
Purposeful (adj) – Having a clear aim or determination; showing resolve. He walked into the meeting with a purposeful stride.
Reset (n) – An act of starting something again in a new or different way. After a difficult year, they decided they needed a complete reset.
Chronic (adj) – (Of an illness or problem) Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. He suffers from chronic back pain.
Hunched (adj) – Having the back and shoulders rounded forward. He sat hunched over his computer all day.
Tedious (adj) – Too long, slow, or dull; monotonous. Filling out all these forms is a tedious process.
To adopt (v) – (here) To choose to take up or follow a course of action. The company decided to adopt a more flexible working policy.
Looming (adj) – (Of an event) About to happen and appearing imposing or threatening. Everyone is worried about the looming deadline.
To facilitate (v) – To make an action or process easier or less difficult. The new software is designed to facilitate better communication within the team.
Autonomy (n) – The right or condition of self-government; the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else. The branch offices have a great deal of autonomy from the head office.
To uphold (v) – To maintain or support a principle or law. It is the court’s duty to uphold the law.
To navigate something (v) – To find a way through a difficult or complex situation. Young people have to navigate a world full of social media pressures.
To champion something (v) – To support, defend, or fight for a cause, idea, or person. She has always championed the rights of marginalized communities.
To streamline something (v) – To make an organization or system more efficient and effective by employing faster or simpler working methods. We need to streamline our production process to reduce costs.
Sick day (n) – A day on which an employee does not go to work because of illness. I had to take a sick day because I had a terrible flu.
