Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). In the exam, write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: FOR

The light bulb

One thing we tend to take 0 _______ granted is that our homes have adequate levels of light during evening and night hours. This is a fairly new luxury that is just over 100 years old, as in the past people had to resort 9 candles for lighting.

A number of different scientists and engineers are credited 10 this invention, all of them eventually arriving at the same design. The main element of the light bulb is a wire that is heated to extreme temperatures, giving off the light. This wire, called the filament, is encased in a vacuum-filled glass bulb, hence the name. The vacuum is to make sure no oxidization of the filament 11 place so that the wire does not rust. After years of experimenting, the final design used tungsten for the wire, chosen primarily 12 its extremely high melting point of around 3500 C. This ensured long service life.

The traditional light bulb, technically referred to as incandescent, was eventually ousted 13 light-emitting diode lamps, also known as energy-saving lamps. The old-style light bulb had one serious flaw – they had terrible energy efficiency, turning almost 90% of the energy into heat 14 of light. LED lamps had this shortcoming covered, allowing to drastically reduce energy consumption 15 sacrificing light levels or reliability. As a matter of 16 , both of them get significantly improved. So even though there is bulb, we still call it the same name we have grown used to.

Click to download this CAE Use of English Part 2 Worksheet in PDF.

For this task: Answers with explanations